Customized Molybdenum Metals from Chinatungsten

With more than two decades experiences, Chinatungsten Online has improved his technology and processing skills on deep processing molybdenum metals. Customized moly parts suitable for the final application has been popular accepted. Drawings or standards are provided before quoting. If any design is carried out and for a price estimation, surely, ask for Chinatungsten a quote. Any question to be solved, ask for Chinatungsten an idea. Any issues after buying the parts, ask for Chinatungsten a solution. We serve customized molybdenum metals, also service from the inquiry to the usage.

Molybdenum metal processed with thread and center hole

Molybdenum metal processed with thread, round tip and center hole.

Molybdenum hanger processed with thread.

Hex molybdenum nut

Molybdenum thread rod

Molybdenum rod with round tip

Molybdenum rod with thread end

Molybdenum ring customized with holes

Molybdenum crucible with lid

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please don't hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com or info@chinatungsten.com

Applications of Tungsten Bucking Bar

Bucking bar is a work tool received behind work surfaces to provide a backing member in applying impact fasteners and including intermitted toolhead and handle parts with a low-recoil impact-absorbing spacer provided there between to take shock loads in compression and shear.

Tungsten bucking bars are used on the backside of a metal rivet to counter the force of the hammering on the other side. They also can be used to absorb the force of rivet guns, reducing the vibration of bucking.

Tungsten bucking bars used to form bucktails on rivets. And come in many different shapes and sizes. They are normally made from an alloy steel similar to tool steel. The particular shape to be used depends upon the location and accessibility of the rivet to be driven.

The size and weight of the bar depend on the size and alloy of the rivet to be driven. Under certain circumstances, and for specific rivet installations, specially designed bucking bars are manufactured locally.

At Chinatungsten Online,  tungsten bucking bars are normally made from tungsten heavy alloy. All edges are deburred and working surfaces are polished for troubles-free use. This helps to prevent marring of formed bucktails. Please notice that never hold a bucking bar in a vise unless the vise jaws are equipped with protective covers to prevent marring of the bucking bar.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please don't hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com or info@chinatungsten.com

Working Principle of Tungsten Bucking Bar

The tungsten bucking bar may be secured in a bench vice and, with the components positioned by hand; rivets are set with a gun held in the other hand.  The main advantage here is that the bar is stationary and the components may be more easily held and positioned for riveting.

Tungsten Bucking bar orientation

Rest tungsten bucking bar on inserted rivet and try to locate its point of balance.

With gun set in place, use tungsten bucking bar to push rivet (and gun assembly) outward. Tungsten bucking bar will then register at right angles to the rivet as it comes to rest on the aluminum.

Push rivet back into place with gun set and reposition bucking bar, if necessary, to maintain its point of balance on the rivet. (repeat steps 2and 3until point of balance is determined). Often the index finger can be placed on the back of the bucking bar directly opposite the rivet tail. It then becomes the ‘sensor’ for correct bar position.

Pressure is held on gun while riveting. Bucking bar is held with only moderate force (otherwise rivet may be set with head proud of surface). A rubber grommet may be used over the rivet tail to assist in squeezing parts together during riveting. It acts as a 'pressure plate' .

Duration of riveting is determined by experimentation with a test piece or previous.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please don't hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com or info@chinatungsten.com

What Is Tungsten Bucking Bar

Tungsten bucking bar is a work tool received behind work surfaces to provide a backing member in applying impact fasteners and including intermitted toolhead and handle parts with a low-recoil impact-absorbing spacer provided there between to take shock loads in compression and shear.

Tungsten bucking bars are used on the backside of a metal rivet to counter the force of the hammering on the other side. They also can be used to absorb the force of rivet guns, reducing the vibration of bucking.

Tungsten bucking bars used to form bucktails on rivets. And come in many different shapes and sizes. They are normally made from an alloy steel similar to tool steel. The particular shape to be used depends upon the location and accessibility of the rivet to be driven.

The size and weight of the bar depend on the size and alloy of the rivet to be driven. Under certain circumstances, and for specific rivet installations, specially designed bucking bars are manufactured locally.

At Chinatungsten Online, bucking bars are normally made from tungsten heavy alloy. All edHges are deburred and working surfaces are polished for troubles-free use. This helps to prevent marring of formed bucktails. Please notice that never hold a bucking bar in a vise unless the vise jaws are equipped with protective covers to prevent marring of the bucking bar.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please don't hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com or info@chinatungsten.com

La Doping Methods Affected La-TZM Alloy’s Properties

Doped with a certain amount of La2O3 during powder metallurgy process can obtain La-TZM alloy which has higher strength than TZM alloy. Different la doping methods have different effect on La-TZM alloy. Separately doped lanthanum by solid-solid doping method and solid-liquid doping  method, then after sintering, hot rolling, warm rolling, cold rolling and other processing procedures to obtain La-TZM alloy. Using solid-solid alloy doping method obtained alloy were labeled as 1# and solid - liquid were labeled as 2#.

Observed La-TZM alloy powder morphology and particle size distribution found that 2 # doping is more uniform more than 1# and there exists a local reunion

phenomenon in 1#, form this we can see solid-liquid can obtain uniformly mixed material. After mechanical properties tensile testing found that La-TZM alloy tensile property is better than TZM alloy. Besides, 2# tensile property is superior to 1#, increased 10.9%. From this we will know solid-liquid is more conducive to improving the mechanical properties of the alloy. Analyzed La-TZM alloy SEM micrographs found the second phase in alloy not only distributes in the grain boundary, also distributes in the grain. And the average grain size of 2 # is less than 1 #. It is mainly because the powder which obtained by solid-liquid method is finer than solid-solid method and the finer powder, the smaller grain size is after sintering. In addition, there are a series of reactions of La2 (NO3) 3 at the beginning of sintering, so La2O3 mix more evenly. (La2 (NO3) 3 • 6H2O → La (NO3) 3 • 5H2O → La (NO3) 3 • 3H2O → La (NO3) 3 → LaONO3 → La2O3 • LaONO3 → La2O3).

The fracture morphology of solid-solid doped alloy plate and solid-liquid doped alloy plate is similar, but solid - liquid doped alloy plate fracture will be more careful and distributes fine and uniform second phase. The second phase is mainly distributed in the grain boundary and it can hinder the propagation of intergranular crack. Besides it has smaller crack and cleavage plane and it mainly shows intergranular fracture characteristics. Solid-liquid doping method second phase distribution is uniformly, and solid-solid doping method second phase has stratification phenomenon, so using solid-liquid can produce high quality and good properties alloy.

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Molybdenum Electrode Structure

Due to different glass furnace type and different production requirements, molybdenum electrode structure includes plate electrode, rod electrode and ball electrode these three structures. In actual application, theses three structure molybdenum electrodes can be designed as continuous feed type or long life type. Continuous feed type electrode during furnace operation will continue be consumed, in order to ensure the normal operation, so the electrode should intermittently be pushed into furnace. The long-life type molybdenum electrode required during operation should not substantially be consumed, so the electrode life is the life of the furnace.

Molybdenum electrode has plate-shaped, rod-shaped and ball-shaped three structures, but these three structures have same installation method in glass furnace. Figure 2.2.6 is installation instruction and the electrode across the four regions. A area is electrode and in the furnace covered with molten glass. B area includes electrode, molten glass and air, which is triple-phase boundary. C area is heat affected zone (HAZ). D area is low temperature zone. In the three-phase boundary, the temperature is close to the temperature of the molten glass, but by the combined effect of the media and the air the electrode is easily oxidized at high temperature, so in this area corrosion is most severe. According to the molybdenum oxide kinetics analysis, the temperature in the three-phase boundary and HZA zone is higher than molybdenum oxidation temperature, so the electrode should cover with reliable oxidation resistance measures. HAZ affected by heat conduction effect, the temperature can reach 800 ℃ ~ 1000 ℃ and in the low temperature zone due to cooling effect, the temperature can reduce to 150 ℃ ~ 200 ℃.

Analyzed oxidative cleavage molybdenum electrode found that the fracture position often in the front of HZA where close to the vicinity of the three-phase boundary, and there has many MoO3 powder. To prevent heat affected zone and three-phase boundary oxidation has two methods, which is to reduce these two areas temperature below than the temperature of molybdenum oxide, or completely cut off the air.

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Molybdenum in the Environment

Molybdenum differs from the other micronutrients in soils in that it is less soluble in acid soils and more soluble in alkaline soils, the result being that its availability to plants is sensitive to pH and drainage conditions. Some plants can have up to 500 ppm of the metal when they grow on alkaline soils.

Molybdenite is the chief mineral ore, with wulfenite being less important. Some molybdenite is obtained as a by-product of tungsen and copper production. The main mining areas are the USA, Chile, Canada and Russia, with world production being around 90.000 tonnes per year, and reserves amounting to 12 million tonnes of which 5 million tonnes are in the USA.

Health effects of molybdenum

Based on animal experiments, molybdenum and its compounds are highly toxic. Some evidence of liver dysfunction with hyperbilirubinemia has been reported in workmen chronically exposed in a Soviet Mo-Cu plant. In addition, signs of gout have been found in factory workers and among inhabitants of Mo-rich areas of Armenia. The main features were joint pains in the knees, hands, feet, articular deformities, erythema, and edema of the joint areas

Environmental effects of molybdenum

Molybdenum is essential to all species. As with other trace metals, though, what is essential in tiny amounts can be highly toxic at larger doses. Animal experiment have shown that too much molybdenum causes fetal deformities. Fodder with more than 10 ppm of molybdenum would put most livestok at risk.

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What Is Molybdenum Deficiency?

Most cases of molybdenum deficiency occur in those who were born without the enzyme required to break down the mineral, resulting in very rare recessive metabolism disorders. There has only been one well-documented case of acquired molybdenum deficiency. The patient developed rapid heart and respiratory rates, night blindness and eventually became comatose.

Molybdenum requirements are relatively low in humans. In addition, molybdenum can be easily obtained through a diet of beans, dark green leafy vegetables, and certain grains. In fact, lack of molybdenum has never been observed in a completely healthy patient. Those with the greatest risk of developing it are patients being fed intravenously. For those who suffer from molybdenum deficiency, change in diet or taking molybdenum supplements can reverse the condition.

Though the two are connected, molybdenum deficiency should not be confused with molybdenum cofactor deficiency. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder in which the body lacks the xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme, the aldehyde oxidase enzyme, and the sulfite oxidase enzyme. These enzymes are all required to metabolize xanthine, a base that is changed into the uric acid needed for healthy brain function. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency can result in severe neurological symptoms including seizures and coma.

Molybdenum as a mineral has several benefits for the human body. It is essential to liver function, helping the liver filter the body’s blood. Molybdenum regulates calcium, magnesium, and copper metabolism. It also facilitates the body’s use of iron, which is necessary to normal growth and development. Molybdenum has been associated with bone growth and lowered risk of tooth decay. Some studies even link this mineral with low risk of stomach and esophagus cancer.

Too much molybdenum can be bad for the body too. Large amount of molybdenum can cause the body to use copper or alter the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Some side effects of too much molybdenum are diarrhea, anemia, and swelling of joints. While getting too much molybdenum is not good for the body, it is just as rare as molybdenum deficiency, because the body quickly excretes the mineral if it is consumed in large quantities.

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