2017年12月26日星期二

Molybdenum Target Applications

Molybdenum target is mainly used in plasma sputtering industry. With the electric field, electron collided with the argon atom when fly to the substrate, then argon atoms and electrics were ionized .The electrics fly to the substrate while argon atoms accelerate to bomb the target, the neutral atoms (or molecules) in the target deposit on the substrate and become the coating.

molybdenum target picture

Since the molybdenum resistant to high temperature and corrosion, molybdenum targets have applications in petroleum chemical industry, aviation, machine manufacturing, and electronics semiconductor industries and so on.

We  can provide molybdenum target that made with molybdenum powder which purity is 99.95%. High quality products have been made after decades of procedures such as pressing, sintering, rolling, cutting and surface grinding. Super sputtering target (single heavy reach to 120kg) is available at present..

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Molybdenum Pins

Properties: Recrystallization temperature between 1500oC and 1700oC
Ensile strength: 900N/mm2min
Elongation: 15%-20%
Tolerance: ±2%

molybdenum pins picture

Molybdenum pins are used for manufacturing halogen automotive lamps, as sealed lead-wire through hard-glass. The molybdenum pins are doped molybdenum wires. The arc-height of a wire sample of 200 mm length, located on a glass plate, can be not greater relative to the imaginary string than 20 mm. The pins have a very smooth and bright surface and the surface free of stain, dirt, oxides, drawing tracks, scratches and damages.

Molybdenum Pins have an even vivid surface ideal for use in manufacturing halogen lamps for automobiles. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please don't hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com or info@chinatungsten.com

2017年12月24日星期日

The Advantages And Application of Molybdenum Copper

Molybdenum Copper Alloy is the composite material of Molybdenum and Copper. It has the similar performances as Tungsten Copper alloy. But its density is less than Tungsten Copper alloy's, so it is more suitable for spaceflight and navigation industries.

1.Typical Physical and Mechanical Properties:

molybdenum copper physical and mechanical properties picture

2.Advantages of Molybdenum Copper (MoCu):

Thermal expansion can be design; High thermal conductivity; Precision flatness capability; Bondable gold plating; Thickness from .004" to .500"; Zero corner radius; Integrated ribs; Precision complex geometry; Low thermal expansion; Good electrical conductivity; High wear resistance; More lighter than W-Cu.

3.Typical areas Application:

Heat Sinks and Spreaders
Microwave Carriers
Microelectronic Package Bases and Housings
Ceramic Substrate Carriers
GaAs and Silicon Device Mounts
Laser Diode Mounts
Surface Mount Package Conductors
Microprocessor Lids
Rocket Parts
Optical Packages
Power Packages
Butterfly Packages

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2017年12月19日星期二

Three Kinds of Molybdenum Electrode Material

There are three kinds of molybdenum electrode material:

1.Molybdenum electrode
Appearance: Silver gray metallic luster
No defects (lose side, lose corner, divide layer, crackle)
To bend or align according to the needs of users
Density: 9.8g/cm3
purity : Mo 99.95%
Dimension : (14-20) * (14-20) * L L max 500mm
Main applications: Molybdenum electrode is used as electro-heat equipment of the glass fiber kiln
The impurity content accords with GB3462-82 standard


2.Molybdenum electrode plate
Dark brown , silver gray metallic luster if washed by the alkali (produced according to user's request )
Purity : Mo 99.95%
Density: 10.15g/m3
Dimension : (3 - 25)* (50 -500) *L L max800mm (Unit weight is not more than 40 kgs) special specification should be consulted by both parties
Main applications: Molybdenum electrode plate can be used as various kinds of heating equipment of glass fiber kiln, liquid-flow hole panel, etc.
The impurity content accords with GB3876-83 standard

3.Molybdenum electrode bars
Appearance: Bright silver gray metallic luster . (process according to user's drawing , surface finish is higher)
purity : Mo 99.93%
Density: 10.15g/cm3
Unit weight: The special dimension of various kinds of Molybdenum electrodes under 70kgs is consulted by both parties.
Dimension: produced according to the needs of users : (φ20 - φ100) *L (mm)
Main applications: Molybdenum electrode bar is mainly used as the furnace , electric boosting glass kiln electrode , etc
The impurity content accords with the standard of GB/t17792-1999.

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2017年12月18日星期一

Molybdenum Crucible Applications

1.Description of Molybdenum Crucible
* Mo content: Over than 99.95%.
* Density: Over than 9.8g/cm3
* Diameter: 100-220 mm
* Height: 100-400 mm
* Temperature: 1100 C
Packing: Plastic inside and Wooden case outside

molybdenum crucible picture

2.There are three technologies using in making molybdenum crucible, as following:
* pressing --> sintering --> tooling.
* pressing --> sintering --> forging --> tooling.
* sheets --> deep drawing --> tooling

3.Molybdenum Crucible Applications:
* Molybdenum crucible is sintered or forged from the ultimate material—molybdenum powder. Generally speaking, molybdenum crucible is used pure molybdenum, for its purity can prevent melting metal powder from mingling. The density of molybdenum crucible is more than 9.8g/cm3, and its working temperature is among 1100℃. Therefore, it is another ring choice, besides tungsten crucible in metal melting industry.
* Molybdenum crucible is widely used in metallurgical industry, rare earth industry, artificial crystal and machinery.
* Molybdenum crucible is widely used in metallurgical industry, rare earth industry, artificial crystal, and machinery.

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Introduction of Molybdenum Sheet


Standard: ASTM B386

Material: Mo >99.95%
Density: >10.2g/cc

Molybdenum sheet is made of the material of molybdenum, so that molybdenum sheet owns the properties of molybdenum. Molybdenum sheet can stand extreme temperatures and keep its strength and stiffness at high temperatures. Molybdenum sheet also has good thermal conductivity and lower thermal expansion. It can provide excellent corrosion resistance that is similar to tungsten sheet. Our molybdenum products are widely used in aviation, aerospace, nuclear high-temperature furnace, glass, ceramic, crystal production, medical, illumination and vacuum sputtering etc. molybdenum sheet, suitable for light, electric vacuum device and electric semiconductor device.

Molybdenum sheet is processed to obtain maximum ductility for applications involving bending, spinning, drawing or stamping. It is this objective that also gives the impression of molybdenum sheet special advantages. If the customer designates their specific application, we can supply the best material suited for their use, to meet their requirements of product-molybdenum sheet. It is this objective that also gives the impression of molybdenum sheet special advantages. If the customer designates their specific application, we can supply the best material suited for their use, to meet their requirements of product-molybdenum sheet.

Application:

Molybdenum sheet is used for making electric light source parts, components of electric vacuum and electric power semiconductor. It is also used for producing molybdenum boats, heat shield and heat bodies in high temperature furnace.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please don't hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com or info@chinatungsten.com

2017年12月8日星期五

Types of Molybdenum Alloy


Molybdenum alloy is a nonferrous alloy consisting of other elements with molybdenum as the matrix. Types of molybdenum alloy include TZM and TZC alloys, MHC and ZHM alloys, molybdenum-tungsten alloy, molybdenum-rhenium alloy, MH and KW alloys.

TZM and TZC Alloys

TZM is an acronym for titanium-zirconium-molybdenum, and is typically manufactured by powder metallurgy or arc-casting processes. It is an alloy that has a higher recrystallization temperature, higher creep strength, and higher tensile strength than pure, unalloyed molybdenum. Available in rod and plate form, it is often used for hardware in vacuum furnaces, large x-ray equipment, and in creating tools. TZC alloy is using powder metallurgy and vacuum arc melting method of preparation. It may make space rockets flying devices and surface components, etc.

MHC and ZHM Alloys

MHC alloy is a particle-reinforced molybdenum alloy which contains hafnium and carbon. The carbon is uniformly distributed along the alloys structure giving it excellent heat and creep resistant properties at elevated temperatures of 1550°C (2822°F). This alloy is able to function under extreme mechanical and thermal loads. ZHM alloy, mass percentage of each component is zirconium 0.4 to 0.7, 1.2 to 2.1 hafnium, 0.15 to 0.27 carbon. Both TZM and MHC have found application as metalworking tool materials. 

Molybdenum-tungsten Alloy

Molybdenum tungsten alloy has better corrosion resistance, making it better able to resist molten zinc. Molybdenum has a high melting point and high density, so tungsten-molybdenum alloy also has these characteristics. Molybdenum and tungsten alloy can have a different proportion of tungsten, such as 30% tungsten or 50% of tungsten.

Molybdenum-rhenium Alloy

Molybdenum-rhenium is a highly pure alloy containing only two elements (molybdenum and rhenium), and serves a wide range of applications in electronics, furnace, joining, and aerospace industries. Precise alloying of the refractory metals rhenium and molybdenum adds both ductility and strength to suit different specifications. It is a superconductive alloy with a noble surface chemistry and a relatively high transition temperature.

MH and KW Alloy

MH alloy adds potassium and sulfur elements with molybdenum as the matrix; KW alloy is a molybdenum alloy with potassium, silicon and other elements added in the molybdenum matrix.

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2017年12月5日星期二

Molybdenum Copper Alloy Properties

Molybdenum copper is alloy of molybdenum and copper. It is a great alternative to tungsten copper for weight sensitive applications, with many good properties.

1. High electrical and thermal conductivity. Molybdenum is a better element for electricity conductivity except for gold, silver and copper in the metals. Therefore, molybdenum copper alloy composed by molybdenum and copper have very high electrical and thermal conductivity.

2. Adjustable low coefficient of thermal expansion. The coefficient of thermal expansion of copper is higher, but the coefficient of thermal expansion of molybdenum is very low. Therefore, the low coefficient of thermal expansion can be made by different proportion of the components according to the requirements, in order to make them appropriate and combine with other materials, avoid the damage of thermal stress caused by large differences in coefficient thermal expansions.

3. Special high temperature property. The melting point of molybdenum is 2 610, and the melting point of copper is only 1083, molybdenum-copper alloy have good strength property and definite plasticity in ordinary temperature. And if the temperature exceeds the melting point of copper, the copper will change to liquid and evaporate to absorb heat, to make cooling effect. This performance can be used as special-purpose high-temperature materials, such as the nozzle throat which can be resist combustion temperature of gunpowder, electrical contact which under high-temperature electric arc, and so on.

4. Molybdenum copper alloy is non-magnetic. Both molybdenum and copper are non-magnetic non-ferrous metals. Hence the composition of Mo-Cu alloy is an excellent non-magnetic material.

5. Molybdenum copper alloy has low gas content and a good vacuum performance. Either molybdenum or copper, its oxides easy to restore, their N, H, C and other impurities can easily be removed, thereby maintaining low outgassing and makes full use of performance of the vacuum.

6. Molybdenum copper alloy has good machinability. Because of high hardness and brittleness, it is difficult to machine the pure molybdenum. Mo-Cu alloy, because of copper's incorporation, the hardness reduced and plasticity increases, so it is beneficial to machining, and can be processed into complex shapes components.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please don't hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com or info@chinatungsten.com

2017年11月27日星期一

Customized Molybdenum Metals from Chinatungsten

With more than two decades experiences, Chinatungsten Online has improved his technology and processing skills on deep processing molybdenum metals. Customized moly parts suitable for the final application has been popular accepted. Drawings or standards are provided before quoting. If any design is carried out and for a price estimation, surely, ask for Chinatungsten a quote. Any question to be solved, ask for Chinatungsten an idea. Any issues after buying the parts, ask for Chinatungsten a solution. We serve customized molybdenum metals, also service from the inquiry to the usage.

Molybdenum metal processed with thread and center hole

molybdenum metal picture

Molybdenum metal processed with thread, round tip and center hole.

molybdenum metal picture

Molybdenum hanger processed with thread.

molybdenum metal picture

Hex molybdenum nut

molybdenum metal picture

Molybdenum thread rod

molybdenum metal picture

Molybdenum rod with round tip

molybdenum metal picture

Molybdenum rod with thread end

molybdenum metal picture

Molybdenum ring customized with holes

molybdenum metal picture

Molybdenum crucible with lid

molybdenum metal picture

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Applications of Tungsten Bucking Bar

Bucking bar is a work tool received behind work surfaces to provide a backing member in applying impact fasteners and including intermitted toolhead and handle parts with a low-recoil impact-absorbing spacer provided there between to take shock loads in compression and shear.

Tungsten bucking bars are used on the backside of a metal rivet to counter the force of the hammering on the other side. They also can be used to absorb the force of rivet guns, reducing the vibration of bucking.

tungsten bucking bar picture

Tungsten bucking bars used to form bucktails on rivets. And come in many different shapes and sizes. They are normally made from an alloy steel similar to tool steel. The particular shape to be used depends upon the location and accessibility of the rivet to be driven.

The size and weight of the bar depend on the size and alloy of the rivet to be driven. Under certain circumstances, and for specific rivet installations, specially designed bucking bars are manufactured locally.

tungsten bucking bar picture

At Chinatungsten Online,  tungsten bucking bars are normally made from tungsten heavy alloy. All edges are deburred and working surfaces are polished for troubles-free use. This helps to prevent marring of formed bucktails. Please notice that never hold a bucking bar in a vise unless the vise jaws are equipped with protective covers to prevent marring of the bucking bar.

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2017年11月21日星期二

Working Principle of Tungsten Bucking Bar

The tungsten bucking bar may be secured in a bench vice and, with the components positioned by hand; rivets are set with a gun held in the other hand.  The main advantage here is that the bar is stationary and the components may be more easily held and positioned for riveting.

tungsten bucking bar picture

Tungsten Bucking bar orientation

Rest tungsten bucking bar on inserted rivet and try to locate its point of balance.

With gun set in place, use tungsten bucking bar to push rivet (and gun assembly) outward. Tungsten bucking bar will then register at right angles to the rivet as it comes to rest on the aluminum.

Push rivet back into place with gun set and reposition bucking bar, if necessary, to maintain its point of balance on the rivet. (repeat steps 2and 3until point of balance is determined). Often the index finger can be placed on the back of the bucking bar directly opposite the rivet tail. It then becomes the ‘sensor’ for correct bar position.

tungsten bucking bar picture

Pressure is held on gun while riveting. Bucking bar is held with only moderate force (otherwise rivet may be set with head proud of surface). A rubber grommet may be used over the rivet tail to assist in squeezing parts together during riveting. It acts as a 'pressure plate' .

Duration of riveting is determined by experimentation with a test piece or previous.

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2017年11月20日星期一

What Is Tungsten Bucking Bar

Tungsten bucking bar is a work tool received behind work surfaces to provide a backing member in applying impact fasteners and including intermitted toolhead and handle parts with a low-recoil impact-absorbing spacer provided there between to take shock loads in compression and shear.

tungsten bucking bar picture
Tungsten bucking bars are used on the backside of a metal rivet to counter the force of the hammering on the other side. They also can be used to absorb the force of rivet guns, reducing the vibration of bucking.

Tungsten bucking bars used to form bucktails on rivets. And come in many different shapes and sizes. They are normally made from an alloy steel similar to tool steel. The particular shape to be used depends upon the location and accessibility of the rivet to be driven.

The size and weight of the bar depend on the size and alloy of the rivet to be driven. Under certain circumstances, and for specific rivet installations, specially designed bucking bars are manufactured locally.

At Chinatungsten Online, bucking bars are normally made from tungsten heavy alloy. All edHges are deburred and working surfaces are polished for troubles-free use. This helps to prevent marring of formed bucktails. Please notice that never hold a bucking bar in a vise unless the vise jaws are equipped with protective covers to prevent marring of the bucking bar.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please don't hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com or info@chinatungsten.com

2017年11月15日星期三

La Doping Methods Affected La-TZM Alloy’s Properties

Doped with a certain amount of La2O3 during powder metallurgy process can obtain La-TZM alloy which has higher strength than TZM alloy. Different la doping methods have different effect on La-TZM alloy. Separately doped lanthanum by solid-solid doping method and solid-liquid doping  method, then after sintering, hot rolling, warm rolling, cold rolling and other processing procedures to obtain La-TZM alloy. Using solid-solid alloy doping method obtained alloy were labeled as 1# and solid - liquid were labeled as 2#.

Observed La-TZM alloy powder morphology and particle size distribution found that 2 # doping is more uniform more than 1# and there exists a local reunion
TZM sheets picture
phenomenon in 1#, form this we can see solid-liquid can obtain uniformly mixed material. After mechanical properties tensile testing found that La-TZM alloy tensile property is better than TZM alloy. Besides, 2# tensile property is superior to 1#, increased 10.9%. From this we will know solid-liquid is more conducive to improving the mechanical properties of the alloy. Analyzed La-TZM alloy SEM micrographs found the second phase in alloy not only distributes in the grain boundary, also distributes in the grain. And the average grain size of 2 # is less than 1 #. It is mainly because the powder which obtained by solid-liquid method is finer than solid-solid method and the finer powder, the smaller grain size is after sintering. In addition, there are a series of reactions of La2 (NO3) 3 at the beginning of sintering, so La2O3 mix more evenly. (La2 (NO3) 3 • 6H2O → La (NO3) 3 • 5H2O → La (NO3) 3 • 3H2O → La (NO3) 3 → LaONO3 → La2O3 • LaONO3 → La2O3).

The fracture morphology of solid-solid doped alloy plate and solid-liquid doped alloy plate is similar, but solid - liquid doped alloy plate fracture will be more careful and distributes fine and uniform second phase. The second phase is mainly distributed in the grain boundary and it can hinder the propagation of intergranular crack. Besides it has smaller crack and cleavage plane and it mainly shows intergranular fracture characteristics. Solid-liquid doping method second phase distribution is uniformly, and solid-solid doping method second phase has stratification phenomenon, so using solid-liquid can produce high quality and good properties alloy.

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2017年11月14日星期二

Molybdenum Electrode Structure

Due to different glass furnace type and different production requirements, molybdenum electrode structure includes plate electrode, rod electrode and ball electrode these three structures. In actual application, theses three structure molybdenum electrodes can be designed as continuous feed type or long life type. Continuous feed type electrode during furnace operation will continue be consumed, in order to ensure the normal operation, so the electrode should intermittently be pushed into furnace. The long-life type molybdenum electrode required during operation should not substantially be consumed, so the electrode life is the life of the furnace.

molybdenum electrode structure picture


Molybdenum electrode has plate-shaped, rod-shaped and ball-shaped three structures, but these three structures have same installation method in glass furnace. Figure 2.2.6 is installation instruction and the electrode across the four regions. A area is electrode and in the furnace covered with molten glass. B area includes electrode, molten glass and air, which is triple-phase boundary. C area is heat affected zone (HAZ). D area is low temperature zone. In the three-phase boundary, the temperature is close to the temperature of the molten glass, but by the combined effect of the media and the air the electrode is easily oxidized at high temperature, so in this area corrosion is most severe. According to the molybdenum oxide kinetics analysis, the temperature in the three-phase boundary and HZA zone is higher than molybdenum oxidation temperature, so the electrode should cover with reliable oxidation resistance measures. HAZ affected by heat conduction effect, the temperature can reach 800 ℃ ~ 1000 ℃ and in the low temperature zone due to cooling effect, the temperature can reduce to 150 ℃ ~ 200 ℃.

Analyzed oxidative cleavage molybdenum electrode found that the fracture position often in the front of HZA where close to the vicinity of the three-phase boundary, and there has many MoO3 powder. To prevent heat affected zone and three-phase boundary oxidation has two methods, which is to reduce these two areas temperature below than the temperature of molybdenum oxide, or completely cut off the air.

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2017年11月6日星期一

Molybdenum in the Environment

Molybdenum differs from the other micronutrients in soils in that it is less soluble in acid soils and more soluble in alkaline soils, the result being that its availability to plants is sensitive to pH and drainage conditions. Some plants can have up to 500 ppm of the metal when they grow on alkaline soils.

molybdenum picture

Molybdenite is the chief mineral ore, with wulfenite being less important. Some molybdenite is obtained as a by-product of tungsen and copper production. The main mining areas are the USA, Chile, Canada and Russia, with world production being around 90.000 tonnes per year, and reserves amounting to 12 million tonnes of which 5 million tonnes are in the USA.

molybdenum picture

Health effects of molybdenum

Based on animal experiments, molybdenum and its compounds are highly toxic. Some evidence of liver dysfunction with hyperbilirubinemia has been reported in workmen chronically exposed in a Soviet Mo-Cu plant. In addition, signs of gout have been found in factory workers and among inhabitants of Mo-rich areas of Armenia. The main features were joint pains in the knees, hands, feet, articular deformities, erythema, and edema of the joint areas

molybdenum picture

Environmental effects of molybdenum

Molybdenum is essential to all species. As with other trace metals, though, what is essential in tiny amounts can be highly toxic at larger doses. Animal experiment have shown that too much molybdenum causes fetal deformities. Fodder with more than 10 ppm of molybdenum would put most livestok at risk.

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What Is Molybdenum Deficiency?

Most cases of molybdenum deficiency occur in those who were born without the enzyme required to break down the mineral, resulting in very rare recessive metabolism disorders. There has only been one well-documented case of acquired molybdenum deficiency. The patient developed rapid heart and respiratory rates, night blindness and eventually became comatose.

molybdenum disulfide powder picture

Molybdenum requirements are relatively low in humans. In addition, molybdenum can be easily obtained through a diet of beans, dark green leafy vegetables, and certain grains. In fact, lack of molybdenum has never been observed in a completely healthy patient. Those with the greatest risk of developing it are patients being fed intravenously. For those who suffer from molybdenum deficiency, change in diet or taking molybdenum supplements can reverse the condition.

Though the two are connected, molybdenum deficiency should not be confused with molybdenum cofactor deficiency. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder in which the body lacks the xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme, the aldehyde oxidase enzyme, and the sulfite oxidase enzyme. These enzymes are all required to metabolize xanthine, a base that is changed into the uric acid needed for healthy brain function. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency can result in severe neurological symptoms including seizures and coma.

molybdenum disulfide picture

Molybdenum as a mineral has several benefits for the human body. It is essential to liver function, helping the liver filter the body’s blood. Molybdenum regulates calcium, magnesium, and copper metabolism. It also facilitates the body’s use of iron, which is necessary to normal growth and development. Molybdenum has been associated with bone growth and lowered risk of tooth decay. Some studies even link this mineral with low risk of stomach and esophagus cancer.

Too much molybdenum can be bad for the body too. Large amount of molybdenum can cause the body to use copper or alter the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Some side effects of too much molybdenum are diarrhea, anemia, and swelling of joints. While getting too much molybdenum is not good for the body, it is just as rare as molybdenum deficiency, because the body quickly excretes the mineral if it is consumed in large quantities.

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2017年10月31日星期二

The Preparations of Molybdenum Oxide Film


The preparations of molybdenum oxide film include vapor deposition, electrochemistry deposition, sputtering, sol-gel and other ways.

Vapor Deposition
Advantages: simple equipment, easy to operate.
Defects:
1) Film and substrate bonding strength is insecure, easy to peel;
2) Expensive equipment, complex technology, and not easy to produce large area and uniform oxide film.

Electrochemistry Deposition
Advantages:
1) Easy to prepare large area film;
2) The composition of film can be controlled by controlling the composition of potential (or electric current) and solution;
3) The thickness and surface morphology of the film can be controlled by controlling the electricity using depositing;
4) Simple and safe. It doesn’t need high vacuum, high temperature and dangerous gas.
Defects:
1) The film has loose structure and contains much moisture;
2) The growth and growth speed of the crystal nucleus on the substrate surface can not be controlled, the crystal structure is irregular, and is generally polycrystalline.

Sputtering Method
Advantages:
1) The substrate temperature is low;
2) The prepared films have good crystallinity, and epitaxial single crystal films can be obtained;
3) The film has good properties.
Defects: The growth rate of sputtering is slow, and the composition of the film has a certain deviation from the target.

Sol-gel
Advantages:
1) The composition and doping of the film can be controlled accurately;
2) Easy to prepare large area film, and suitable for mass production, simple equipment, low cost;
3) Compatible with integrated process, suitable for fabricating ferroelectric integrated devices.
Defects:
1) The compactness of the film is poor, and the crazing phenomenon is easy to occur;
2) The process parameters are difficult to master.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com

2017年10月30日星期一

Characteristics of Molybdenum Ore in China

Characteristics of molybdenum ore in China include low grade, rich accompanying useful components, high economic value, large scale and open cut mining, and high degree of geological works.

Low Grade

Molybdenum ore in China has large proved reserves, but with low grade compared with the main molybdenum resources countries in the world, most of which belong to low-grade deposits. For the low-grade deposits with average grade less than 0.1%, its reserves account for 65% of the total reserves, of which less than 0.05% account for 10%, medium grade (0.1%~0.2%) account for 30%, higher grade (0.2%~0.3%) account for 4% and the average grade higher than 0.3% only account for 1%.

Rich Accompanying Useful Components and High Economic Value

According to the statistics, molybdenum, as a single mineral deposit, its reserves only account for 14% of the total reserves in China; as the main mineral resources, it is associated with other useful mineral deposits, which account for 64% of the total reserves; others that are associated and coexisted copper, tungsten and tin and other metals account for 22%.

Large Scale and Open Cut Mining

According to statistics, reserves of large molybdenum ore with more than 100 thousand tones account for 76% of the total reserves; the medium-sized deposits with 10,000 tones to 100,000 tones of reserves account for 20%; molybdenum deposits that are suitable for open cut mining account for 64%. Most of large deposits can open cut mining and particles of molybdenite are coarser, which are easy to choose.

On the ore type perspective, the proven reserves of molybdenum ore in China are mainly composed of molybdenum sulfide ore that is easy to use, which account for 99% of recoverable deposits. Oxided molybdenum ore and mixed molybdenum ore that are not easy to be used and unknown molybdenum ore only account for 1%.

High Degree of Geological Works

Exploratory reserves after geological works account for 50.5% of the total recoverable deposits, 41.8% when in the detailed survey. When in the detailed survey, the reserves account for 92.3% of total recoverable deposits in China.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com

2017年10月26日星期四

Ferro Molybdenum Price

Molybdenum market quotation: The latest price of molybdenum concentrate, molybdenum oxide, ferro molybdenum is unchanged from the previous trading day. This week, domestic molybdenum price maintains stability on the whole, supply and demand is in a stalemate and steel biddings are unclear. The market without clear guidance has light trading and businesses operate cautiously.

Price of molybdenum products on Oct. 27, 2017


Picture of ammonium molybdate


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2017年10月23日星期一

Molybdenum Electrode Water Jacket

Molybdenum electrode has good high temperature performance and corrosion resistance, which can withstand the temperature of 2600 ℃ and is a refractory metal. But its high temperature oxidation resistance is poor, at temperatures above 600 ℃increased significantly oxidation, therefore, in order to protect the molybdenum electrode, to prevent quickly oxidized, resulting in electrode fracture, slowing down glass furnace efficiency, so during the operation the electrode should cover with water jacket, otherwise it will affect the normal operation of the furnace and in serious cases will force the melting furnace shutdown.

molybdenum electrodes China picture

The main roles of the molybdenum electrode water jacket are as follows:
1. The electrode reliable and stable installed in the furnace refractories can reduce the loss of refractory materials and electrodes;
2. It can cool the part of electrode which is exposed to air below 400 ℃;
3. To prevent the electrode insert parts of refractory materials temperature too high, prevent refractories local damage.

The electrode cooling water jacket includes indirect water cooling protection sleeve, direct water cooling protection sleeve and rapid water cooling protection sleeve. These electrode cooling water jackets are gradually used in the glass electric melting furnace, and the application range is gradually expanded. In actual use, the cooling water jacket has the following advantages: no adverse effect on the surrounding glass liquid and refractory material, minimum absorption of the glass liquid and refractory material, simple electrode cooling water jacket and its cooling system, infrequence maintenance, easy to quickly advance electrode to the kiln.

In order to ensure the normal work of molybdenum electrode, the required cooling water must be softened and water quality should meet the boiler water standards. In addition, in order to save the amount of cooling water should use recycled water system. At the same time, the end of the electrode is connected by screw, so that the electrode can be easily pushed after consumption.

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2017年10月17日星期二

Molybdenum market quotation in China

Molybdenum market quotation: the latest price of molybdenum concentrate, ferro molybdenum and ammonium molybdate is unchanged from the previous trading day. The 19th National Congress is held today, coming with the news of production limitation and stopping. It is reported that large mines in Heilongjiang province announced to stop production to undergo repair for twenty days. With the support of the news, prices of raw materials stabilize. But trading in downstream enterprises is in a stalemate, purchasers lack enthusiasm for entering the market. Besides, there have no good news from the steel biddings, thus short-term domestic molybdenum price will be under pressure.

Price of molybdenum products on Oct. 18, 2017

molybdenum products price picture

Picture of molybdenum powder

molybdenum powder picture


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2017年10月16日星期一

Molybdenum Cutting Wire

molybdenum cutting wire picture

Application of molybdenum cutting wire

Used to cut various Non-ferrous Metal,Steel and Magnetic Materials

Features of molybdenum wire for wire cutting

With the unique production process,molybdenum wire for wire cutting application features in high tensile strength,good electric discharge and smooth finish,high wire cutting soeed,long life,etc.

molybdenum cutting wire type picture

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2017年10月11日星期三

Tips for Molybdenum Wire Service Life Extension

Tips for extending the service life of molybdenum wire are as follows:

1. Molybdenum wire operation
During discharge operation, molybdenum wire worked with the workpiece will damage itself, but because of molybdenum has good mechanical properties, so the loss will not obvious. In order to extent the life of molybdenum wire, when the machine is replaced on new molybdenum wire, there should use small energy processing parameters for cutting, which can reduce the damage of molybdenum wire. After machine running a period of time, molybdenum wire color is basically white and then use the normal high current for cutting. In addition, after the replacement of molybdenum wire and before cutting, molybdenum wire should operate without workpiece cutting for 5-10 minutes, so that the internal stress of molybdenum wire can be released.

molybdenum wire picture

Molybdenum wire usually fails in the process of cutting operation and the majority of broken end is in the wire cylinder after the exchange of ten to dozens of laps. From this we can see both ends of the molybdenum wires are easier to be broken. Therefore, during operation, at regular intervals, the molybdenum wire tube should be adjusted.

2. Molybdenum wire maintenance
molybdenum wire picture
Daily molybdenum wire maintenance can also improve its service life, such as daily molybdenum wire storage, placement and storage time and so on. Molybdenum wire should be reported on the low humidity, ventilated and shady places and the temperature is at 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, to avoid oxidation. Another molybdenum wire placed in the time should not exceed 6 months, because longer time storage is more likely to show the problem of perpendicular. Before using should to check whether the packaging is damaged or deformed.

3. Molybdenum wire installation
Molybdenum wire is easily deformed and broken, so it should not be bended in the process of installation. If there are bends, the bends should be cut off to avoid broken wires in the course of operation. In the course of the use the cutting fluid should be replaced, because cutting fluid after a long time use will turn to black, which will directly affect the performance of molybdenum wire, leading to molybdenum wire fracture.

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2017年10月9日星期一

Composite Rod-shaped Molybdenum Electrode

The composite rod-shaped molybdenum electrode is a molybdenum rod at the hot end and molybdenum disilicide or stainless steel at the cold end. Cold end of the molybdenum disilicide or stainless steel used in the transition zone, while the hot end of the molybdenum rods are safe through the transition zone. As the
composite molybdenum electrode picture
molybdenum disilicide is very brittle, and easy to contaminate the glass and foaming, so in the design process, molybdenum disilicide length should to well be designed so that it will not to touch the glass. In addition, during installation, should be careful to prevent breakage. Composite rod-shaped molybdenum electrode cold end can also use stainless steel, but the stainless steel material must be a special heat-resistant steel and nickel-based alloy has widely used at home and abroad.

As is well known, molten lead glass uses tin dioxide ceramic as the electrode material. However, in recent years, people have tried to connect tin dioxide ceramic materials with molybdenum electrode used for lead glass production, which is a new electrode material. When the lead glass is melted by this kind of composite electrode, cooling water must be supplied to the inside of the electrode so that the hot end can be sufficiently cooled and the molten glass is not contaminated.

Composite electrode can reduce the cost of the electrode assembly. Commonly used composite rod-shaped electrode is made up of molybdenum electrode cap, molybdenum tube, molybdenum tube base, stainless steel water-cooled bracket, electrode bricks and other components. In order to prevent electrode oxidation at the high-temperature, it has been proposed to provide a water cooling tube inside the electrode. The electrode with water cooling tube inside has been put into use in the 70s of last century. To add water in the electrode cooling tube, the composite electrode diameter should be bigger and the current density can be smaller, thereby reducing the erosion of the electrode.

According to the experiment found that the electrode with a cold water pipe in furnace didn’t need to be replaced. Installed in the cold water pipe in electrode, the circulating cooling water will not go through the low temperature side of the stainless steel parts, rather than through the hot side of the molybdenum electrode part.

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2017年9月25日星期一

Molybdenum Wire Applications

Molybdenum wire is a kind of molybdenum products, it has the excellent properties, such as high melting point (2620 ℃), high density (10.2g/cm3), high strength rare refractory metals, thermal expansion coefficient, good thermal conductivity, high strength, high temperature, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other excellent physical and chemical properties. Molybdenum wire applications are widely, which is usually used in the fields of aviation and aerospace, metallurgy, machinery and electronics, automobile manufacturing and so on. According to its application, it can be divided into spraying molybdenum wire, molybdenum cutting wire, molybdenum heating wire and so on. Molybdenum wire is mainly used in the picture tube industry, spraying industry and wire cutting industry.
molybdenum wire
In the picture tube industry, molybdenum wire is mainly used in electron gun and the annual demand is about 15 million meters. There are high requirements on molybdenum wire in this industry, including molybdenum content (greater than 99.5%), specifications (0.127mm, 37.3mg / 200mm) and impurities and so on.

Molybdenum wire has good high temperature, wear resistance and high strength properties, so it is often used in the molybdenum coating industry for spraying automotive wear-resistant devices such as gearbox and push fork fork, engine piston ring, synchronous ring, brake pads, heat moment adders, cylinder body surfaces and others. Molybdenum wire used in the spraying industry has the following requirements, the minimum purity more than 99.5%, strict controlled on C, Na, O2 and other impurity elements. At the same time, molybdenum wire surface should to be smooth, no cracks, burrs, oil and other defects.
molybdenum wire
The application amount of molybdenum cutting wire in cutting field in 2000 reached 260 million meters, and in the future the application amount will continue to grow. Molybdenum cutting wire used in cutting industry has some requirements, such as molybdenum content not less than 99.3%, having good tensile strength, low elongation, large crimp rate, uniform diameter, and the surface without oxide layer.

2017年9月22日星期五

China Molybdenum Wire Introduction

Molybdenum wire is an important product among molybdenum finished products and its total production accounted for 13% of molybdenum deep processing product’s total output. China molybdenum wire is divided into pure molybdenum wire and doped molybdenum wire and the diameter is generally between 0.051 to 0.350mm. The brands of China molybdenum wires are Mo1, Moδ, Mo2, Mo3, Mo3 δ. There Mo1 and Mo2 are pure molybdenum and Mo3 is doped molybdenum wire which is doped with Ca, Mg and other elements. Molybdenum wire main production processes are mainly as follows: First, through the powder metallurgy method can obtain molybdenum powder and the metal powder after sintering will produce molybdenum bar.

Secondary, the molybdenum bar is processed rotary forging or rolling to obtain molybdenum rod. Finally, after tensile process the manufacturers can manufacture molybdenum wire with required diameter. Compared with foreign molybdenum wire, there are some shortages on China molybdenum wire. The main problem is simple product structure. Besides, molybdenum billet is lighter and the average length of molybdenum wire is shorter. Further, uneven thickness of molybdenum wire is obvious and the surface has some shortcomings, such as trench, burr and easy to break and other.

molybdenum wire picture

 China's molybdenum wire trade developed rapidly in recent years, from 1996 to 2000, molybdenum wire exports accounted for 22.3% of imports and exports total trade volume. The exported molybdenum wire is mainly used in the picture tube industry, molybdenum coating industry and wire cutting industry.

At present, China's molybdenum wire production technology and equipment have been very perfect, and with the development of production technology, China molybdenum wire can not only meet the domestic market, but also can demand foreign market, so there are more than 10 tons molybdenum wire for export.

However, China's molybdenum wire in quality, innovation and other aspects still has some problems. In order to accelerate the development of molybdenum wire, China should first accelerate the development of molybdenum leading company to concentrate other scattered enterprises, in order to scale, multi-species, high-quality produce molybdenum wire. In addition, the molybdenum companies should through purchase the advanced production equipment and improve production methods to improve the quality of molybdenum wire products. Finally, they should combine with market demand to develop new varieties.

2017年9月19日星期二

Molybdenum Wire Properties Requirements

Molybdenum wire is divided into different types according to different applications, including spraying molybdenum wire, molybdenum wire for electric light source, molybdenum wire for heating furnace, molybdenum wire for electronic device and molybdenum cutting wire and so on. The quality of molybdenum wire mainly depends on its chemical composition, mechanical properties, surface finish, piece weight and dimensional tolerances, and different molybdenum wire products’ quality and properties requirements are somewhat different.

Spraying molybdenum wire, mainly used for high temperature, corrosion resistance and impact resistance parts, so compared to other molybdenum wire products the specification is bigger. There are some common dimensions d3.17mm, d2.3mm and d1.59mm. In order to ensure the spray performance and to prevent impurities contamination on the substrate, but also to meet the requirement of molybdenum spraying equipment, the wire should meet the following requirements: purity ≥ 99.93%, density: 10.2g / cm3, hardness HV ≥ 320, diameter size: 1.0 ~ 4.0mm , tensile strength: 700 ~ 850MPa, elongation: 15%, the surface: without cracks, burrs, then marks, oil and other defects. In addition, when molybdenum wire finish size is between 1.59 ~ 6.5mm, the tolerance should be ≤± 0.05mm.

molybdenum wire picture

 The other molybdenum wire products’specifications are in the general range of d0.02 ~ 2.50mm. The molybdenum wire for electric light source is mainly used as filament holder and tungsten spiral core wire, so the molybdenum wire should have uniformity diameter, good flatness, high strength, high temperature performance and stability, and in order to prevent the winding, brittle fracture during forming and using should also require a certain flexibility, which is elongation to reach 15% to 25%.

Molybdenum wire for heating furnace is mainly used in heating element of industrial furnace, so the wire diameter is bigger than electric light source used molybdenum wire and high temperature performance is an important quality indicator.

Vacuum electronic devices used molybdenum wire and molybdenum cutting wire for EDM due to special using conditions, so the manufacturers have high requirements on precision and reliability, so its quality and properties requirements are more stringent. The requirements are as follows: having a larger elongation and high tensile strength, size deviation to allow the range of ≤ 1.0%.

2017年9月15日星期五

Titanium Zirconium Molybdenum Nut(TZM Nut)

Titanium zirconium molybdenum bolt (TZM bolt) belongs to TZM customized products. It is produced by powder metallurgy method and the purity level is over 99.5%. The shape of TZM bolt is similar to ordinary bolt, but it has good high temperature property and corrosion resistance property, and it often used in conjunction with the TZM nut.


Titanium zirconium molybdenum nut (TZM nut) is the most basic high temperature components in industry, and it as the most basic but the most important parts are mainly used in high-temperature vacuum furnace thermal field, sapphire thermal field and other high-temperature environments. TZM nut is usually used in conjunction with TZM screw for preventing long-term use at high temperatures the screw under deformation or even melt.

2017年9月11日星期一

China Tungsten Market Analysis

The price of molybdenum concentrate, sodium molybdate and ammonium molybdate continues to be steady. Last week, domestic molybdenum market showed signs of recovering. Shipments in miners increased, trading volume is improved and molybdenum concentrate price remained strong. Biddings in the steel mills entered and ferromolybdenum price is expected to rise. As for molybdenum alloy and chemical market, markers are waiting the coming of heat reason to release the demand, and buyers are reluctant to sell. Overall, the supply and demand in the molybdenum market are improving. Insiders are generally optimistic about the performance of molybdenum prices in September. We suggest paying close attention to changes in fundamentals in the afternoon market.


2017年9月8日星期五

Molybdenum Oxide Introduction

Molybdenum oxide is the chemical compound with the formula MoO3. It is a violet-colored solid and is a metallic conductor. It crystallizes in a monoclinic cell, and has a distorted rutile, (TiO2) crystal structure. In MoO2 the octahedra are distorted, the Mo atoms are off-centre, leading to alternating short and long Mo – Mo distances. The short Mo – Mo distance is 251 pm which is less than the Mo – Mo distance in the metal, 272.5 pm. The bond length is shorter than would be expected for a single bond. The bonding is complex and involves a localization of some of the Mo electrons in a conductance band accounting for the metallic conductivity.


The major use of roasted molybdenite concentrate is to add molybdenum to steel produced in the electric arc furnace.The material may be added to the charge or to the molten bath. For the adjustment of the final analysis, the use of roasted molybdenite concentrate is not recommended.

For optimum recovery the following should be observed. If added with the charge, the roasted molybdenite concentrate containing packages should always be covered with scrap or liquid metal. If added to the bath, the product should be introduced under the slag level. If used in the electric arc furnace, direct contact with the electrodes should be avoided.

Analysis of molybdenum oxide

Molybdenum Oxide 57.00% min
Copper 0.50% max
Sulfur 0.10% max
Phosphorus 0.05% max
Material with other copper contents is available.

2017年9月7日星期四

Ultrafine α-molybdenum Oxide Production Process

Ultrafine α-molybdenum production process, including: the ammonium dissolved in the water, get molybdate supernatant; preparation of acetic acid, adding hydrogen peroxide, are acidic precipitation agent.

Heating reactor; same side of the precipitating agent slowly dropped into the acidified ammonium molybdate solution, while stirring, until the solution pH value of 3.0 to 4.0; filtering the reaction solution, get yellow - white precipitate, placed in drying oven, get massive molybdenum oxide, and then crushed and sieved to obtain molybdenum oxide meal.



Roasting; The jet mill to obtain ultrafine α-molybdenum powder.

Background of the invention solves the technical difficult to achieve large-scale production; of equipment, raw materials for high, easy to control the production process, or poor security, filtering difficult technical problems. Invention of cheap raw materials, easy to get, the production process, equipment is simple, low cost, high yield and product dispersion, high purity.

2017年9月1日星期五

Molybdenum Disulfide Properties and Chemical Properties

Molybdenum disulfide properties are stable, so it is usually made into lubricants widely used in high temperature, low temperature and vacuum conditions, which is a good lubricant for various mechanical parts. It is a black solid powder, soapy feeling, odorless, hexagonal or orthorhombic system, with metallic luster and its properties is similar to graphite. Its physical and chemical properties are as follows: Physical properties: chemical formula: MoS2, melting point: 1185 ℃, density: 4.80g / cm3 (14 ℃), Mohs hardness: 1.0-1.5. Chemical properties are as follows: it will not dissolve in water, dilute acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, but soluble in hot sulfuric acid. In other acids, alkalis, solvents, petroleum, synthetic lubricants also will not dissolve.


Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a kind of good solid lubricating material. It has excellent lubricity to the equipment under the conditions of high temperature, low temperature, high load, high speed, chemical corrosion and modern ultra-vacuum. It is usually as anti-friction agent, antiwear agent, extreme pressure agent and antioxygen used in aerospace industry (vacuum anti-radiation lubrication), automobile industry (fixer and parts), anti-seizure industry (mechanical industry) (general lubrication), mining industry, military industry, shipbuilding industry, heavy industry, bearing industry, gear industry and assembly industry. In addition, it can also be used as additives for various lubricants, manufacturing molybdenum compounds, catalytic hydrogenation desulfurization catalyst, gas storage materials, and photovoltaic materials and so on.