2017年10月31日星期二

The Preparations of Molybdenum Oxide Film


The preparations of molybdenum oxide film include vapor deposition, electrochemistry deposition, sputtering, sol-gel and other ways.

Vapor Deposition
Advantages: simple equipment, easy to operate.
Defects:
1) Film and substrate bonding strength is insecure, easy to peel;
2) Expensive equipment, complex technology, and not easy to produce large area and uniform oxide film.

Electrochemistry Deposition
Advantages:
1) Easy to prepare large area film;
2) The composition of film can be controlled by controlling the composition of potential (or electric current) and solution;
3) The thickness and surface morphology of the film can be controlled by controlling the electricity using depositing;
4) Simple and safe. It doesn’t need high vacuum, high temperature and dangerous gas.
Defects:
1) The film has loose structure and contains much moisture;
2) The growth and growth speed of the crystal nucleus on the substrate surface can not be controlled, the crystal structure is irregular, and is generally polycrystalline.

Sputtering Method
Advantages:
1) The substrate temperature is low;
2) The prepared films have good crystallinity, and epitaxial single crystal films can be obtained;
3) The film has good properties.
Defects: The growth rate of sputtering is slow, and the composition of the film has a certain deviation from the target.

Sol-gel
Advantages:
1) The composition and doping of the film can be controlled accurately;
2) Easy to prepare large area film, and suitable for mass production, simple equipment, low cost;
3) Compatible with integrated process, suitable for fabricating ferroelectric integrated devices.
Defects:
1) The compactness of the film is poor, and the crazing phenomenon is easy to occur;
2) The process parameters are difficult to master.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com

2017年10月30日星期一

Characteristics of Molybdenum Ore in China

Characteristics of molybdenum ore in China include low grade, rich accompanying useful components, high economic value, large scale and open cut mining, and high degree of geological works.

Low Grade

Molybdenum ore in China has large proved reserves, but with low grade compared with the main molybdenum resources countries in the world, most of which belong to low-grade deposits. For the low-grade deposits with average grade less than 0.1%, its reserves account for 65% of the total reserves, of which less than 0.05% account for 10%, medium grade (0.1%~0.2%) account for 30%, higher grade (0.2%~0.3%) account for 4% and the average grade higher than 0.3% only account for 1%.

Rich Accompanying Useful Components and High Economic Value

According to the statistics, molybdenum, as a single mineral deposit, its reserves only account for 14% of the total reserves in China; as the main mineral resources, it is associated with other useful mineral deposits, which account for 64% of the total reserves; others that are associated and coexisted copper, tungsten and tin and other metals account for 22%.

Large Scale and Open Cut Mining

According to statistics, reserves of large molybdenum ore with more than 100 thousand tones account for 76% of the total reserves; the medium-sized deposits with 10,000 tones to 100,000 tones of reserves account for 20%; molybdenum deposits that are suitable for open cut mining account for 64%. Most of large deposits can open cut mining and particles of molybdenite are coarser, which are easy to choose.

On the ore type perspective, the proven reserves of molybdenum ore in China are mainly composed of molybdenum sulfide ore that is easy to use, which account for 99% of recoverable deposits. Oxided molybdenum ore and mixed molybdenum ore that are not easy to be used and unknown molybdenum ore only account for 1%.

High Degree of Geological Works

Exploratory reserves after geological works account for 50.5% of the total recoverable deposits, 41.8% when in the detailed survey. When in the detailed survey, the reserves account for 92.3% of total recoverable deposits in China.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com

2017年10月26日星期四

Ferro Molybdenum Price

Molybdenum market quotation: The latest price of molybdenum concentrate, molybdenum oxide, ferro molybdenum is unchanged from the previous trading day. This week, domestic molybdenum price maintains stability on the whole, supply and demand is in a stalemate and steel biddings are unclear. The market without clear guidance has light trading and businesses operate cautiously.

Price of molybdenum products on Oct. 27, 2017


Picture of ammonium molybdate


WeChat

Follow our WeChat to know the latest molybdenum price, information and market analysis.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com

2017年10月23日星期一

Molybdenum Electrode Water Jacket

Molybdenum electrode has good high temperature performance and corrosion resistance, which can withstand the temperature of 2600 ℃ and is a refractory metal. But its high temperature oxidation resistance is poor, at temperatures above 600 ℃increased significantly oxidation, therefore, in order to protect the molybdenum electrode, to prevent quickly oxidized, resulting in electrode fracture, slowing down glass furnace efficiency, so during the operation the electrode should cover with water jacket, otherwise it will affect the normal operation of the furnace and in serious cases will force the melting furnace shutdown.

molybdenum electrodes China picture

The main roles of the molybdenum electrode water jacket are as follows:
1. The electrode reliable and stable installed in the furnace refractories can reduce the loss of refractory materials and electrodes;
2. It can cool the part of electrode which is exposed to air below 400 ℃;
3. To prevent the electrode insert parts of refractory materials temperature too high, prevent refractories local damage.

The electrode cooling water jacket includes indirect water cooling protection sleeve, direct water cooling protection sleeve and rapid water cooling protection sleeve. These electrode cooling water jackets are gradually used in the glass electric melting furnace, and the application range is gradually expanded. In actual use, the cooling water jacket has the following advantages: no adverse effect on the surrounding glass liquid and refractory material, minimum absorption of the glass liquid and refractory material, simple electrode cooling water jacket and its cooling system, infrequence maintenance, easy to quickly advance electrode to the kiln.

In order to ensure the normal work of molybdenum electrode, the required cooling water must be softened and water quality should meet the boiler water standards. In addition, in order to save the amount of cooling water should use recycled water system. At the same time, the end of the electrode is connected by screw, so that the electrode can be easily pushed after consumption.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com

2017年10月17日星期二

Molybdenum market quotation in China

Molybdenum market quotation: the latest price of molybdenum concentrate, ferro molybdenum and ammonium molybdate is unchanged from the previous trading day. The 19th National Congress is held today, coming with the news of production limitation and stopping. It is reported that large mines in Heilongjiang province announced to stop production to undergo repair for twenty days. With the support of the news, prices of raw materials stabilize. But trading in downstream enterprises is in a stalemate, purchasers lack enthusiasm for entering the market. Besides, there have no good news from the steel biddings, thus short-term domestic molybdenum price will be under pressure.

Price of molybdenum products on Oct. 18, 2017

molybdenum products price picture

Picture of molybdenum powder

molybdenum powder picture


Follow our WeChat to know the latest molybdenum price, information and market analysis.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com

2017年10月16日星期一

Molybdenum Cutting Wire

molybdenum cutting wire picture

Application of molybdenum cutting wire

Used to cut various Non-ferrous Metal,Steel and Magnetic Materials

Features of molybdenum wire for wire cutting

With the unique production process,molybdenum wire for wire cutting application features in high tensile strength,good electric discharge and smooth finish,high wire cutting soeed,long life,etc.

molybdenum cutting wire type picture

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com

2017年10月11日星期三

Tips for Molybdenum Wire Service Life Extension

Tips for extending the service life of molybdenum wire are as follows:

1. Molybdenum wire operation
During discharge operation, molybdenum wire worked with the workpiece will damage itself, but because of molybdenum has good mechanical properties, so the loss will not obvious. In order to extent the life of molybdenum wire, when the machine is replaced on new molybdenum wire, there should use small energy processing parameters for cutting, which can reduce the damage of molybdenum wire. After machine running a period of time, molybdenum wire color is basically white and then use the normal high current for cutting. In addition, after the replacement of molybdenum wire and before cutting, molybdenum wire should operate without workpiece cutting for 5-10 minutes, so that the internal stress of molybdenum wire can be released.

molybdenum wire picture

Molybdenum wire usually fails in the process of cutting operation and the majority of broken end is in the wire cylinder after the exchange of ten to dozens of laps. From this we can see both ends of the molybdenum wires are easier to be broken. Therefore, during operation, at regular intervals, the molybdenum wire tube should be adjusted.

2. Molybdenum wire maintenance
molybdenum wire picture
Daily molybdenum wire maintenance can also improve its service life, such as daily molybdenum wire storage, placement and storage time and so on. Molybdenum wire should be reported on the low humidity, ventilated and shady places and the temperature is at 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, to avoid oxidation. Another molybdenum wire placed in the time should not exceed 6 months, because longer time storage is more likely to show the problem of perpendicular. Before using should to check whether the packaging is damaged or deformed.

3. Molybdenum wire installation
Molybdenum wire is easily deformed and broken, so it should not be bended in the process of installation. If there are bends, the bends should be cut off to avoid broken wires in the course of operation. In the course of the use the cutting fluid should be replaced, because cutting fluid after a long time use will turn to black, which will directly affect the performance of molybdenum wire, leading to molybdenum wire fracture.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com

2017年10月9日星期一

Composite Rod-shaped Molybdenum Electrode

The composite rod-shaped molybdenum electrode is a molybdenum rod at the hot end and molybdenum disilicide or stainless steel at the cold end. Cold end of the molybdenum disilicide or stainless steel used in the transition zone, while the hot end of the molybdenum rods are safe through the transition zone. As the
composite molybdenum electrode picture
molybdenum disilicide is very brittle, and easy to contaminate the glass and foaming, so in the design process, molybdenum disilicide length should to well be designed so that it will not to touch the glass. In addition, during installation, should be careful to prevent breakage. Composite rod-shaped molybdenum electrode cold end can also use stainless steel, but the stainless steel material must be a special heat-resistant steel and nickel-based alloy has widely used at home and abroad.

As is well known, molten lead glass uses tin dioxide ceramic as the electrode material. However, in recent years, people have tried to connect tin dioxide ceramic materials with molybdenum electrode used for lead glass production, which is a new electrode material. When the lead glass is melted by this kind of composite electrode, cooling water must be supplied to the inside of the electrode so that the hot end can be sufficiently cooled and the molten glass is not contaminated.

Composite electrode can reduce the cost of the electrode assembly. Commonly used composite rod-shaped electrode is made up of molybdenum electrode cap, molybdenum tube, molybdenum tube base, stainless steel water-cooled bracket, electrode bricks and other components. In order to prevent electrode oxidation at the high-temperature, it has been proposed to provide a water cooling tube inside the electrode. The electrode with water cooling tube inside has been put into use in the 70s of last century. To add water in the electrode cooling tube, the composite electrode diameter should be bigger and the current density can be smaller, thereby reducing the erosion of the electrode.

According to the experiment found that the electrode with a cold water pipe in furnace didn’t need to be replaced. Installed in the cold water pipe in electrode, the circulating cooling water will not go through the low temperature side of the stainless steel parts, rather than through the hot side of the molybdenum electrode part.

If you have any inquires concerning molybdenum products, please do not hesitate to e-mail us by : sales@chinatungsten.com